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Guatemala is located
in Central America and shares borders to the north and west with Mexico,
to the southeast with El Salvador and Honduras, to the northeast with
Belize and the Caribbean Sea and to the south with the Pacific ocean.
Guatemala was freed of Spanish colonial rule
in 1821. During the second half of the 20th century, it experienced a
variety of military and civilian governments as well as a 36-year
guerrilla war. In 1996, the government signed a peace agreement formally
ending the conflict, which had led to the death of more than 100,000
people and had created some 1 million refugees.
The capital is
Guatemala City. The population was
1,167,495 people in 1995.The official language is Spanish. English is
widely spoken in tourist areas and major hotels and restaurants. Over 21
indigenous languages are also spoken. The constitution guarantees freedom
of worship, but Catholicism is the most widespread religion with a
20% Protestant minority. Some indigenous communities hold services
combining Catholicism with pre-Columbian rites.
The landscape is predominantly
mountainous and heavily forested. A
string of volcanoes rises above the
southern highlands along the Pacific, three of which are still active.
Within this volcanic area are basins of varying sizes which hold the
majority of the country's population. The region is drained by rivers
flowing into both the Pacific and the Caribbean. One basin west of the
capital has no river outlet and thus has formed Lake Atitlán, which is
ringed by volcanoes. To the northwest, bordering on Belize and Mexico,
lies the low undulating tableland of El Petén, 36,300 sq km (14,000 sq
miles) of almost inaccessible wilderness covered with dense hardwood
forest. This area covers approximately one-third of the national
territory, yet contains only 40,000 people. |
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